Tumor control and cranial nerve outcomes after Gamma Knife radiosurgery for Glomus jugulare tumors: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and institutional failure pattern analysis.

Gamma Knife radiosurgery provides durable tumor control with a favorable cranial nerve toxicity profile in glomus jugulare tumors. Treatment response is characterized more by stability than regression.

In the institutional cohort, progression events were marginal or out-of-field rather than clearly in-field, supporting Gamma Knife radiosurgery as an effective local-control strategy within the treated target while highlighting the importance of careful target delineation and long-term surveillance.