The effects of brain radiotherapy combined with immunotherapy and chemotherapy for driver gene-negative…

Cohort studyFrontiers in oncology· 2026

The effects of brain radiotherapy combined with immunotherapy and chemotherapy for driver gene-negative non-small-cell lung cancer with brain metastases.

Xiaoyu Zhang, Jiayi Huang, Xuan Liang … Tao Tian

Neurosurgical OncologyCohort studyTreatmentQ2IF 3.1

Adding immunotherapy to brain radiotherapy plus chemotherapy nearly halved risk of death.

The effects of brain radiotherapy combined with immunotherapy and chemotherapy for driver gene-negative non-small-cell lung cancer with brain metastases.

Xiaoyu Zhang … Tao Tian

Frontiers in oncology · 2026

Background

Brain metastases (brain metastases) are highly prevalent in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (non-small cell lung cancer); however, therapeutic options remain limited and suboptimal for driver gene-negative non-small cell lung cancer brain metastases patients.

Purpose

This study aimed to explore the efficacy and prognostic risk factors of brain radiotherapy combined with immunotherapy and chemotherapy in real-world for these patients.

Methods

This study included 222 driver gene-negative non-small cell lung cancer patients with brain metastases.

n = 117

Results

adding immunotherapy nearly halved the risk of death

HR 0.57 (95% CI 0.41 to 0.79)

CI excludes the null - significant

More results

Based on the use of immunotherapy, patients were divided into the RT+CT+ICI group (received brain radiotherapy combined with immunotherapy and chemotherapy, n=117) and the RT+CT group (received brain radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy alone, n=105).

More results

Multivariable adjustments confirmed prolonged OS (HR 0.58, 95% CI 0.41-0.81, P = 0.002) and progression-free survival (PFS) (HR 0.72, 95% CI 0.53-0.98, P = 0.038) in the RT+CT+ICI group.

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Conclusion · 1 of 2

This study demonstrates that brain radiotherapy combined with immunotherapy and chemotherapy is effective and predictive in driver gene-negative non-small cell lung cancer brain metastases patients.

Conclusion · 2 of 2

In addition, stereotactic radiosurgery and PD-L1 expression may be associated with better prognosis in such patients.

The effects of brain radiotherapy combined with immunotherapy and chemotherapy for driver gene-negative non-small-cell lung cancer with brain metastases.

The effects of brain radiotherapy combined with immunotherapy and chemotherapy for driver gene-negative non-small-cell lung cancer with brain metastases.

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