Intrarenal thermal and pressure dynamics during ureteroscopy: an in vitro study.

Mean intrarenal temperature was associated with laser power and irrigation strategy. High-power settings (40 W) frequently exceeded the thermal-risk threshold.

Although FANS was not associated with lower mean intrarenal temperature, it reduced the likelihood of exceeding the thermal-risk threshold.

Laser source had no effect on mean intrarenal temperature when power and irrigation conditions were comparable. Mean IRP was influenced by irrigation strategy and UAS configuration but was not associated with mean intrarenal temperature.