Prevalence of and factors associated with psychoactive substance use among people in prisons: A multi-centre, cross-sectional study in India.

Majority were incarcerated for the first time (n=5372, 77%) and were under remand awaiting trial or sentencing (n=4537, 65%).

21% (n=752) of alcohol users, 30% (n=411) of cannabis users, and 45% (n=340) of opioid users used alcohol, cannabis, and opioids respectively daily in the one month before their current imprisonment.

5.9% (n=412) used a psychoactive substance (including alcohol and illicit drugs) during their current imprisonment, most commonly, cannabis (3.9%, n=273).