In Utero Exposure to Preexisting or Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Increases Incidence of Diabetes in the…

Cohort studyDiabetes care· Jul 2026

In Utero Exposure to Preexisting or Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Increases Incidence of Diabetes in the Children of First Nations and Non-First Nations Mothers: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Baiju R Shah, Tomi Odugbemi, Zhiyin Li … Brandy Wicklow

EndocrinologyCohort studyPrognosisQ1IF 15.8

Children of First Nations mothers with diabetes face highest risk of diabetes.

In Utero Exposure to Preexisting or Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Increases Incidence of Diabetes in the Children of First Nations and Non-First Nations Mothers: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Baiju R Shah … Brandy Wicklow

Diabetes care · Jul 2026 · Q1 in Internal Medicine

Purpose

We conducted this First Nations-engaged and -co-led project to determine the incidence of diabetes in the children of mothers with preexisting diabetes, gestational diabetes mellitus, and no diabetes, and to evaluate whether periconception glycemic control was associated with the risk of diabetes in the children.

Methods

We conducted a longitudinal population-based study using health care administrative data that included all children of mothers aged 12-49 years born between April 1994 and March 2016.

n = 2,851,583 children

Results

diabetes risk is nearly eightfold higher, greater than the increase seen in non-First Nations children

Non-First Nations

5.18HR

First Nations

7.68HR

More results

There were 2,851,583 children followed to a median age of 16 years (interquartile range 11-22).

Among children of non-First Nations mothers, the adjusted hazard ratios for incident diabetes were 5.18 (95% CI 4.82-5.57) with maternal preexisting diabetes and 1.75 (1.65-1.84) with gestational diabetes mellitus.

More results

The hazard ratio for incident diabetes in children of mothers with preexisting diabetes was 0.89 (0.80-0.995, P = 0.04) for each 1% (11 mmol/mol) decrease in periconception HbA1c.

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Conclusion · 1 of 2

Exposure to either preexisting diabetes or gestational diabetes mellitus in utero was associated with an increased incidence of diabetes in children and young adults, with a stronger association among First Nations people.

Conclusion · 2 of 2

Better periconception glycemic control was associated with decreased diabetes incidence in children of mothers with preexisting diabetes.

In Utero Exposure to Preexisting or Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Increases Incidence of Diabetes in the Children of First Nations and Non-First Nations Mothers: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

In Utero Exposure to Preexisting or Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Increases Incidence of Diabetes in the Children of First Nations and Non-First Nations Mothers: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

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