Trajectories of Serum Total Carbon Dioxide and the Risk of Cardiorenal Outcomes in Chronic Kidney Disease: Results From the KNOW-CKD Study.

The High trajectory group showed a trend toward lower renal risk (HR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.31-1.03), with time-dependent protective effects during prolonged follow-up.

The Improving group showed no significant differences in renal or cardiovascular risk but demonstrated a numerically lower incidence of the renal endpoint.

Cardiovascular outcomes did not differ across trajectories.

LIMITATIONS: Observational design and potential residual confounding.